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Nausea cover
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Nausea

Jean-Paul Sartre (2013)

Genre

Philosophy

Reading Time

360 min

Key Themes

See below

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A historian in a French town faces the crushing absurdity of being, removing all comforting illusions.

Synopsis

Sartre's "Nausea" argues that existence comes before essence, showing the inherent meaninglessness of life without a pre-set purpose or creator. The main character, Antoine Roquentin, realizes that everything, including himself, is contingent and unnecessary, leading to an overwhelming feeling of 'nausea.' This experience reveals the terrifying freedom and responsibility people have to define their own values and create meaning in a world without intrinsic value. This burden is often avoided through self-deception. The book states that humans are free, always facing the need to choose and create themselves without outside justification. The 'viscosity of being' shows the resistant, meaningless material world, which contrasts with the fluid, self-defining nature of consciousness. "Nausea" explores existential angst, the rejection of comforting stories, and the lonely, ongoing task of authentic self-creation in an indifferent universe.
Reading time
360 min
Difficulty
Hard
✓ Read this if...
You are interested in the core tenets of existentialism, enjoy philosophical fiction that delves into the nature of consciousness and freedom, or are willing to engage with themes of absurdity and meaninglessness.
✗ Skip this if...
You prefer plot-driven narratives, seek optimistic or comforting philosophies, or find introspective, stream-of-consciousness writing challenging.

Plot Summary

Principal Figures

Themes & Insights

Plot Devices & Literary Techniques

Critical analysis

Notable Quotes

The essential thing is to avoid all the horrors of romantic love. That is, the romantic love of the bourgeois, which begins with love at first sight and ends with marriage and reconciliation. It is all a question of being able to continue to be oneself.

Roquentin's internal thoughts on the nature of love and relationships, contrasting with societal norms.

I am free: I have no more reasons for living, all the ones I had have been destroyed, and the others haven't been born yet.

Roquentin's realization of his absolute freedom and the accompanying lack of inherent meaning after his personal crisis.

Every existing thing is born without reason, prolongs itself out of weakness, and dies by chance.

A central philosophical reflection by Roquentin on the contingency and absurdity of existence.

I too am soft, I am flabby, I am obscene, I am living.

Roquentin's visceral experience of his own body and the physical world, leading to a feeling of disgust.

To exist is simply to be there; those who exist appear, let themselves be encountered, but you can never deduce anything from them.

Roquentin's observation about the brute fact of existence, which precedes essence and defies rational explanation.

I feel that I am going to burst into tears. I can’t bear it anymore. I am full of objects; I am full of things.

Roquentin's overwhelming sensation of the world's materiality and its oppressive presence.

Man is a useless passion.

Though more famously associated with 'Being and Nothingness', the sentiment of humanity's striving being ultimately futile is present in Roquentin's reflections.

The word 'adventure' is a trap. I have lived, I have suffered, I have sought myself, I have lost myself, I have found myself, I have gone to the end of the world, and I have found nothing.

Roquentin's disillusionment with the romanticized notion of adventure, finding it empty and meaningless.

Nothing happens while you live. The scenery changes, people come in and go out, that’s all. There are no beginnings. Days are tacked on to days without rhyme or reason, an interminable, monotonous addition.

Roquentin's perception of life as a series of disconnected, unclimactic events, devoid of dramatic structure.

I must be like a tree, always rooted in the same soil, with the same leaves, the same branches, the same fruit. I must be like a stone, always the same, always silent, always alone.

Roquentin's desire for a stable, unchanging existence, contrasting with his fluid and nauseating experience of reality.

I am alone, and it is a good thing that I am alone.

Roquentin's acceptance of his solitude, seeing it as a necessary condition for his self-discovery and freedom.

I have only my past, and even that is dissolving. The present is nothing but an empty interval.

Roquentin's struggle with the ephemeral nature of time, where the past loses its solidity and the present feels void.

The Nausea is not inside me: it is all around me, in all things. It is the very texture of this chair, this red of the carpet, this smell of the sea.

Roquentin's realization that the Nausea is not merely a subjective feeling but an objective quality of the world itself.

So this is the famous freedom. I am free to do nothing, to be nothing, to choose nothing.

Roquentin's cynical reflection on the burden of absolute freedom, which can feel like a lack of purpose or direction.

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Key Questions (FAQ)

'Nausea' is Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophical novel that explores the protagonist Antoine Roquentin's growing sense of alienation and unease with existence. Through his diary entries, the book delves into themes of freedom, responsibility, and the arbitrary nature of reality, making it a foundational text for existentialist thought.

About the author

Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. Sartre was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism. His work has influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to do so. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature despite attempting to refuse it, saying that he always declined official honors and that "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution."